Tortoises are much more than just cute slowpokes; they are unique animals that require a carefully designed environment to live well. Whether you have owned tortoises for years or are just starting out, this guide will help you create the ultimate tortoise haven to keep your shelled friends healthy and happy. A lot of pet shops sadly give the wrong advice when it comes to diet, substrate and housing, but our guide should help with all things caring for your tortoise.
Understanding Tortoise Species
Different tortoise species have distinct needs. For example, a Mediterranean tortoise thrives in a warm, dry setting, while a Russian tortoise prefers a bit more humidity in its environment. Learning about the specific requirements of your tortoise species is vital. Research shows that inadequate conditions can lead to stress and health issues.
Choosing the Right Habitat
Indoor vs. Outdoor Setup
One of your first choices is whether to keep your tortoise indoors or outside. Indoor habitats can be easier to manage, especially when it comes to controlling temperature and humidity. However, outdoor setups offer natural sunlight and more space for your tortoise to explore.
For indoor enclosures, look for a large habitat with good ventilation. While aquariums are tempting, they do not provide enough room or ventilation and are not suitable. A tortoise table is a great option for when your smaller breed tortoise (such as Horsefield or Hermann) is a baby up until around four-years old (depending on how quickly they grow). Aim for a minimum of 8 x 4 feet for each tortoise.
If you prefer an outdoor habitat, it should be secure and escape-proof. Use sturdy fencing at least 18 inches tall, as tortoises can be surprisingly adept at climbing. A well-constructed pen can offer your tortoise an enriching environment to roam.
Substrate Selection
Pay attention to the substrate as it impacts your tortoise's comfort and well-being. Opt for dust-free, non-toxic substrates. Some suitable options include:
Coconut Coir: Retains moisture well and feels natural. Keep a water spray bottle nearby to dampen it down when it gets too dry.
Topsoil: Mimics their natural digging environment.
Aspen Bedding: Ideal for arid conditions.
It's best to avoid using sand or gravel since these can harm a tortoise's digestive system. A depth of 2-4 inches of substrate allows for ample digging, which tortoises love and need. DO NOT USE THE TORTOISE SUBSTRATE WITH CALCIUM PELLETS sold by and recommended by many pet shops. Some torts ingest these substrates and end up with impactions of their gastrointestinal systems. Impactions can be difficult to treat and may be fatal. There is also no need to use hay or straw for bedding as this can grow mould spores and also create a dusty environment.
Providing the Right Temperature and Humidity
Temperature Gradient
As ectothermic creatures, tortoises need their surroundings to help regulate body temperature. Establish a temperature gradient in their habitat with a warm basking spot at about 95°F and a cooler area at around 75°F. Use heat lamps or ceramic heaters to manage these temperatures effectively.
Humidity Control
Humidity requirements vary among species. Mediterranean tortoises generally thrive in lower humidity, while tropical varieties may enjoy more moisture. Keep a hygrometer handy to track humidity levels and adjust as needed. You might use a misting system or cover the enclosure with a humidity dome to maintain the right conditions.
Lighting Needs
Proper lighting is vital for your tortoise's health. UVB light enables tortoises to produce vitamin D3, essential for calcium absorption. This is crucial as it helps prevent metabolic bone disease, which affects many captive tortoises.
Install UVB lights to cover at least two-thirds of your tortoise’s enclosure, and keep them on for 12-14 hours a day. Be sure to replace bulbs every 6-12 months, as their effectiveness diminishes over time even if they still light up.
Enriching the Environment
Hiding Spots and Climbing Structures
Tortoises naturally enjoy exploring and seeking shelter. Incorporate hiding spots like caves, logs, or safe plants to provide a sense of security and stimulation. Plant pots turned on their side are also ideal.
Adding climbing structures like branches or ramps can promote natural behavior and encourage physical activity. Ensure any structures are safe and free of sharp edges to prevent injuries.
Plants and Foliage
Including live plants in your tortoise's habitat not only jazzes up the space but also provides healthy snacks and hiding places. Safe options like dandelions, clover, pansy and hibiscus are nutritious and enjoyable for tortoises.
Steer clear of toxic plants like lilies or azaleas, which can be harmful. When selecting plants, check local sources for options that are both safe and suited to your tortoise's diet.
Diet and Water Supply
A balanced diet is crucial for your tortoise's health. DO NOT FEED THEM TORTOISE PELLETS other than as an occasional treat. This is basically junk food for torts and is tantatmount to you eating McDonalds for every meal. Too many pet shops will tell you it's ideal - it really, really isn't. Relying on these too much might also mean your tortoise won't eat the 'good stuff' on offer and will choose the junk instead.
Their meals should be placed on slate (which helps keep their beaks down) and should primarily include:
Leafy Greens: Romaine, kale, lambs lettuce and collard greens are ideal.
Vegetables: Cucumber, runner beans and courgette are amongst safe veggies to feed in moderation.
Daily forage: Foraging should make up the majority of your tortoise's diet. Dandelions, thistles, nettles, knapweed, ribwort and clover can often be sourced from your garden or local parks. Make sure to wash well and not to pick in areas where weed killers are used.
Avoid giving your tortoise excessive fruits, as these can lead to health issues. Always provide a shallow bowl of fresh water daily, ensuring it's accessible without risk of drowning, and dust their food with calcium powder. It's also beneficial to have a calcium block in your tort's enclosure too.
This link to the The Tortoise Table is absolutely essential for checking what is safe for your tortoise to eat and not eat. Some of the traditional foods you might think would be good for your tortoise are actually quite bad for them such as citrus fruits, broccoli and bell peppers. Familiarise yourself with the link so that you can make a comprehensive list of your own to make things easy for you. It is also worth downloading a plant identifying app such as PictureThis - Plant Identifer which is especially useful when you're out foraging so that you can cross-check with The Tortoise Table.
Give them a bath
Your tortoise will love a regular bath and it's good for their health too. Hatchling and young tortoises should have daily soaks in a bath ( a tupperware pot is fine), decreasing to 2-3 times a week for older juveniles and adults, with more frequent baths for those kept indoors under heat lamps. The water should be shallow enough for the tort to keep their head out of the water, and warm in temperature. Always supervise your tortoise while its bathing to prevent drowning or climbing accidents, and keep bath-time to around 15-30 minutes. A bath will help keep your tortoise hydrated and also helps them to go to the toilet (they often poop in their bath!).
Regular Health Check-ups
Keeping an eye on your tortoise's health is part of creating a suitable habitat. Regularly look for signs of illness, such as unusual lethargy, shell problems, or changes in appetite.
Establish a relationship with a vet who specialises in reptiles for routine examinations and any necessary care. Regular checks can help catch potential health issues early, ensuring your tortoise remains healthy.
Creating a Happy Tortoise Haven
Designing the perfect environment for your tortoise is more than assembling a habitat; it's about understanding their unique needs. From selecting the right substrate to ensuring the correct lighting and diet, every detail contributes to your tortoise's well-being.
By following these steps, you will foster a thriving environment for your tortoise, leading to a rewarding experience as a pet owner. Remember, slow and steady wins the race. With proper care, your tortoise can enjoy a long and fulfilling life in its new haven. And don't forget if you're looking for tortoise boarding in Essex, we're your people. We LOVE meeting your torts of all shapes and sizes, so get in touch for more info and to make a booking.
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